The recent outbreak of measles and tuberculosis (TB) at migrant shelters in Chicago has sparked concern among medical experts, who believe that these outbreaks could have been prevented. They argue that if the illegal migrants had been vaccinated at the border and were not living in cramped conditions, these outbreaks could have been avoided.
Chicago health officials reported a "small number" of TB cases at some migrant facilities, following reports of dozens of measles cases. There are growing concerns that these cases might multiply and spread to the general population in Chicago. Similar outbreaks could also occur in other sanctuary cities like New York, Boston, and Denver, where migrants are being housed in makeshift shelters and hotels.
Unlike U.S.-born children who must follow strict vaccination schedules, migrant students were not required to be vaccinated until recently. In Chicago, an exemption allowed children living in unstable housing to attend school without vaccinations. In New York City, migrant students were also granted waivers at the beginning of the 2023-2024 school year.
The outbreak prompted Chicago to vaccinate all migrants at its shelters. However, concerns remain about the lack of medical screening and vaccination for migrants released into the general population. Legal migrants, such as Green Card holders, are required to be vaccinated as part of their approval process.
Dr. Janette Nesheiwat, a double board-certified doctor based in New York City, expressed little surprise at the outbreaks, citing the influx of people from around the world with various illnesses. She emphasized the seriousness of measles, which can lead to severe complications and death, especially in children. She also highlighted the transmission and impact of tuberculosis, which affects millions worldwide.
Nesheiwat stressed the importance of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in preventing measles outbreaks. However, she noted that the tuberculosis vaccine is not widely administered in the U.S. due to its low success rate. Preventing crowded living conditions and maintaining good hygiene are crucial in stopping tuberculosis spread.
Tuberculosis cases have been on the rise, reaching the highest total in a decade, while measles cases are also increasing. Nesheiwat explained that tuberculosis is not as contagious as COVID-19 but can still spread through close contact, particularly in crowded areas like shelters.
Dr. Marty Makary, a health policy expert and surgeon from Johns Hopkins, highlighted the crowded conditions in migrant shelters as a public health concern. He emphasized the need to separate sick individuals to prevent outbreaks. Makary also noted that while measles is usually not fatal, it can cause permanent health damage, especially in children.
Makary explained that while the MMR vaccine is highly effective, it does not provide instant immunity. This delay may contribute to discovering measles cases after exposure. He reassured the public that most people are vaccinated against measles, reducing the risk of widespread outbreaks.
Both doctors emphasized the importance of early detection and treatment for these diseases. They encouraged people to get annual physical checkups and seek medical attention if experiencing symptoms like prolonged cough, fever, night sweats, or weight loss. Early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better outcomes.