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When Republicans previously enacted laws targeting undocumented immigrants in border states, the resulting backlash often led to these states leaning more towards Democratic or purple in political terms.
However, the situation in deep red Texas is unique, as a federal appeals court is currently deliberating a legal challenge to a controversial Texas law aimed at migrants.
Marisa Limón Garza, the executive director of Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center, sees a historical parallel between the current resistance in Texas and past resistance in California during the 1990s or Arizona during the 2010s.
While acknowledging the challenges, Limón Garza draws hope from history, citing how California's Proposition 187 and Arizona's S.B. 1070 eventually led to changes in those states.
The federal 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans is set to hear oral arguments in a Justice Department lawsuit alleging that Texas' Senate Bill 4 (S.B. 4) is unconstitutional.
The law, which is intended to enhance border security, has not yet been implemented due to a court injunction.
However, it has mobilized Texas' immigrant communities in unprecedented ways, with various groups planning protests.
While S.B. 4 has energized activists like Limón Garza, who seek to protect immigrant families in Texas, it has also found support among many Texas voters, including in Hispanic border communities. Selene Rodriguez, a supporter of the law, believes that stricter immigration laws are increasingly favored, especially in Hispanic communities that are weary of human smuggling.
Unlike California's Proposition 187, which required reporting the immigration status of individuals, including children, Texas' S.B. 4 specifically prohibits enforcement at locations such as schools, hospitals, and churches.
This distinction, along with concerns about border security, has softened opposition to S.B. 4 in some border communities.
Despite current support for Governor Greg Abbott's border and immigration initiatives, there is opposition and legal challenges to S.B. 4. Advocates are organizing and building coalitions, aiming to protect and promote the rights of immigrants and refugees in Texas.
The political ramifications of S.B. 4 may only become fully apparent if the law is implemented.
Its impact on immigrants and communities, as well as its implementation, will likely determine the strength of the resistance and any long-term effects on Texas politics.