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A mosquito-borne disease causing severe body pain is spreading rapidly in tropical and subtropical regions, endangering billions worldwide. Known as Chikungunya, the disease's name originates from the East African Kimakonde language, meaning "that which bends up," describing the characteristic posture of those bitten by infected mosquitoes. Symptoms include high fevers, arthritis, stiffness, and rashes, with up to half of those affected experiencing chronic joint pain, although mortality rates are low.
As of March 31, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported nearly 168,000 cases and 50 deaths worldwide across 17 countries. Brazil accounted for over 96% of cases, followed by Paraguay at 3%. The Americas reported 11 affected nations, Asia reported five, and Africa reported one.
In 2022, the CDC recorded 81 travel-associated cases in the U.S., with previous local transmissions identified in Florida, Texas, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The disease is projected to increase by about 46% in 2024 compared to the previous year.
Chikungunya is part of a concerning trend of rising vector-borne diseases due to climate change, creating more mosquito breeding sites and habitable regions for these insects. This trend includes diseases like dengue, Zika, and malaria, all transmitted by mosquitoes, which threaten global healthcare systems.
To protect against Chikungunya, the CDC recommends covering up to minimize skin exposure and using EPA-registered repellents, although these can have adverse health effects. Kao Corporation has developed insecticide-free sprays that may soon be available. Additionally, an FDA-approved vaccine, Ixchiq, is recommended for those 18 and older traveling to endemic regions.
Juan Carlos Jaramillo, Chief Medical Officer of Valneva, the vaccine's developer, stated, "Chikungunya poses a significant risk to individuals in regions where the virus and its mosquito vectors thrive. We welcome the ACIP endorsement of IXCHIQ as the only approved and recommended vaccine for the target population. We will continue collaborating with regulatory authorities worldwide to increase IXCHIQ's accessibility across regions."