Africa faces unique challenges when it comes to natural disasters, with floods, severe storms, and droughts posing significant threats to the continent. These disasters not only impact economies and livelihoods but also claim lives. Following a severe drought, East Africa is now experiencing heavy rains, leading to devastating floods and landslides in Kenya, where at least 180 people have died and hundreds of thousands have been displaced since mid-March. The situation is dire, with entire villages disappearing and essential infrastructure like roads and bridges being destroyed. This ongoing rain is expected to continue unabated.
Tanzania and Somalia have also been severely affected by heavy rains and floods, displacing tens of thousands and causing extensive damage to crop lands. In contrast, southern Africa is facing a prolonged dry spell, damaging crops during what should be the growing season and threatening food security.
Africa's vulnerability to natural disasters is exacerbated by various factors, including limited government capacity to respond effectively. The continent's reliance on rain-fed agriculture further exposes it to the negative impacts of floods and droughts.
Recurring disasters, such as Cyclone Freddy in Malawi, which followed two prior cyclones, have left the country struggling to recover. Since 2010, Malawi has experienced numerous major floods, storm-related disasters, and severe droughts, severely affecting food security.
Climate change is worsening the situation, increasing the frequency and severity of natural hazards. The Horn of Africa has seen a significant increase in severe droughts, while southern Africa is experiencing more intense and prolonged impacts of the El Nino climate phenomenon due to global warming.
Man-made changes, including environmental degradation and urbanization, are also contributing to the severity of natural disasters. Deforestation, loss of wetlands, and inadequate drainage systems in cities increase the risk of flooding.
To better prepare for natural disasters, Africa needs to improve its weather data evaluation and enhance early warning systems. Nature-based solutions, such as preserving forests and wetlands, are also essential. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach to protect communities and mitigate the impacts of natural disasters.