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In the midst of struggling negotiations over Gaza hostages and following a recent direct clash between Iran and Israel, leaders of Gulf states are noticeably distancing themselves from US and Israeli leaders to safeguard their own interests.
UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan firmly stated that his country would not be involved in a new civil administration in Gaza, responding to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's suggestion that the UAE could play a role in the postwar governance of Gaza. Abdullah emphasized on social media that the UAE rejects Netanyahu's statements, asserting that the Israeli prime minister lacks the legal authority to involve the UAE in Gaza's civil administration. The UAE refuses to participate in any plan that supports the Israeli presence in Gaza.
Netanyahu also proposed the idea of establishing a non-hostile civilian government in Gaza with the assistance of the UAE and Saudi Arabia, which Abdullah had previously expressed displeasure with, particularly regarding the risks posed to Gulf economies by a larger regional war. According to political science professor Abdul Khaleq Abdulla, the UAE's primary focus is on providing aid to civilians in Gaza and not extending its focus to the reconstruction of Gaza.
During cease-fire negotiations for Gaza, which were mediated by Qatari diplomats and US and Egyptian intelligence agencies, Abu Dhabi grew increasingly impatient with the leadership in Jerusalem and Washington. This impatience was further heightened by the recent escalation in hostilities between Israel and Iran, leading to a direct exchange of fire. While the US, UK, France, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan assisted Israel in identifying and intercepting the Iranian attack, the UAE did not participate.
The conflict with the Houthis in Yemen has also strained relations between the UAE and the US, with the UAE refusing to allow American fighters and drones to use its Al Dhafra base for operations in Yemen and Iraq, leading the US to redirect these operations to Qatar's Al Udeid base.
In contrast, Saudi Arabia participated in intercepting the Iranian attack and seeks to maintain strong ties with the US military. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman directed his air force to intercept Iranian missiles aimed at Israel over Saudi skies, showing solidarity with US efforts.
Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister, Faisal bin Farhan Al-Saud, has emphasized the need for a cease-fire and a plan for the future of Palestinians before discussing the rebuilding of Gaza. Saudi Arabia is in talks with the US about a path toward Palestinian statehood and has stated that Arab countries will consider an Arab peacekeeping force in Gaza only as part of a broader political solution.
Saudi Arabia is currently not considering normalizing relations with Israel, despite political pressures from the Biden administration and Netanyahu's government. Instead, Saudi Arabia is focusing on building relations with Russia and China.
The foreign policy of Gulf countries is primarily shaped by concerns about increased hostilities from Iran rather than the outcome of cease-fire negotiations. The UAE, for instance, is looking to improve its security measures, possibly by deploying a system similar to Israel's Iron Dome, to counter potential threats from Iran.