The escalating instances of a mosquito-borne disease in South America are causing alarm among health authorities, who are warning of an "emergency situation" that could soon extend to North America. According to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), by mid-April, there were 5.2 million reported cases of dengue, surpassing the previous yearly record set in 2023. PAHO director Jarbas Barbosa issued the warning about the disturbing statistics. While South American nations have borne the brunt of the infections, the changing seasons and warmer climate will increase the risk in North America.
PAHO spokesperson Ashley Baldwin explained, "Most cases in the southern hemisphere occur in the first half of the year, and most cases in the northern hemisphere occur in the second half of the year. So far this year, we have seen cases peak in the south, and we would now expect an increase in cases in the north."
Brazil declared a state of emergency in February due to a surge in dengue cases, while Peru has issued a health alert for 20 of its 25 regions. The 1,858 deaths from dengue reported by mid-April are approaching the total of 2,418 seen in 2023. With global temperatures rising due to human-caused pollution, the conditions for mosquito breeding are becoming more favorable earlier and for longer periods. Apart from dengue, other mosquito-borne illnesses like Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya are also of concern.
In Peru, dengue cases are straining hospitals, with over 2,000 patients treated for the illness in 2024, compared to 900 admitted in all of 2023.
To address the risk of dengue, Barbosa highlighted the availability of a vaccine. While it won't immediately stop outbreaks, it can reduce health complications and deaths. PAHO has called for a surveillance strategy to track the disease's spread, measures to control the mosquito vector responsible for virus transmission, and an increase in the capacity of healthcare services to handle the rising cases.
Baldwin emphasized that most dengue cases are mild, and early detection can reduce the risk of severe cases. Moreover, curbing the global rise in temperatures will limit mosquitoes' breeding capability, as they lay eggs in warm water. Reducing daily pollution is crucial, and while individual actions may seem small, collective efforts can have a significant impact.
Voting for pro-climate candidates can lead to laws and policies that limit the release of planet-warming gases. Local action can also encourage community efforts, such as improving public transport, increasing recycling, and implementing solar power generation schemes, which can save residents money on energy bills.