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Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) four years ago, there have been significant changes. In 2020, the novel coronavirus spread worldwide, affecting millions of lives. Today, life has largely returned to normal, with lifted restrictions and reduced caution. However, the guidelines for maintaining personal and public health are not as straightforward as before. If you're uncertain about the current status of COVID-19 and how to minimize your risk, here's a comprehensive guide with the latest information—from tracking variants and cases to the most recent public health recommendations on masking, vaccines, testing, and more.
Which COVID variant is currently dominant? In recent weeks, a new set of variants known as the "FLiRT" variants, named for their mutations, has been increasing in the U.S. Among these, the KP.2 variant has become the most prevalent form of the virus in the U.S., comprising about a quarter of COVID cases in the two weeks leading up to April 27, according to the latest CDC data.
How are these new variants different? The FLiRT variants are distant relatives of the previously dominant JN.1 variant, all belonging to the Omicron family. Currently, their symptoms appear to be similar to the original Omicron symptoms. However, there are concerns that the mutations in these variants might make them more adept at evading immunity from prior infection and vaccination.
Are COVID cases on the rise or decline? According to the CDC's wastewater tracking dashboard, COVID levels in wastewater are currently at minimal levels as of late April. The national forecast for hospitalizations predicts a range of 130 to 2,400 daily COVID-19 hospital admissions likely reported on May 27. Since the beginning of 2024, cases have generally been decreasing, but experts caution that mutations in the FLiRT variants could lead to an increase in cases.
Vaccines
When can we expect new vaccines? An updated COVID booster shot is anticipated this fall, with scientists currently determining which strain of the virus the vaccine should target. The World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends that all future vaccine formulations be based on the JN.1 variant, as individuals infected with this variant seem to have better protection against the FLiRT variants.
Who should receive a booster? The CDC recommends that all adults aged 65 and older receive a booster dose of the updated monovalent vaccine that became available in September. The updated vaccine targets the XBB.1.5 Omicron strain and is expected to be effective against currently circulating variants. Pfizer’s and Moderna’s vaccines are approved for anyone 6 months and older, while the updated Novavax vaccine is available for anyone age 12 and older.
Are vaccines free? COVID vaccines are covered by insurance, Medicare, and Medicaid. The federal government provides free COVID vaccines for uninsured and underinsured adults through the Bridge Access Program and for children through the Vaccines for Children program.
Can you receive both the COVID and flu shots simultaneously? Yes, you can receive both shots at the same time without a decrease in benefit, according to experts.
Do vaccine cards matter? For most individuals, proof of vaccination is no longer required, except for certain high-risk environments. If you've misplaced your card and require proof of vaccination, some states have registries that include adult vaccines, or you can contact the provider who administered your vaccine.
Isolation guidelines
How long should you isolate if you test positive? You should isolate until you are fever-free for at least 24 hours without medication, according to the latest CDC guidelines.
Why are the guidelines changing? The CDC has relaxed its recommendations due to the high levels of immunity in the population and the decreasing severity of the virus.
At-home testing
Are at-home tests free? As of March 8, the U.S. government's program offering free COVID tests to be mailed to Americans' homes has been suspended. However, free tests are still available through other programs for uninsured individuals and underserved communities.
Masks
When should you wear a mask? Masking is now a personal choice, but the CDC suggests using hospital admission levels in your area to determine whether a mask is necessary.
Are mask mandates returning? While some institutions have reinstated mask mandates, federal mandates are unlikely to return, according to experts.
Testing for international travelers
When and where are travelers being tested? International travelers arriving in the U.S. at certain airports may be asked to voluntarily take COVID tests.
Why are more airports testing now? Airport testing serves as an early warning signal of surges and new variants that might evade vaccines, especially from regions with weaker surveillance.
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